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Rum has a fascinating and storied history, particularly in its association with the Royal Navy and maritime culture. In this article, we will delve into the rich history of rum’s relationship with seafaring, from the daily ration issued to British sailors to the role rum played in naval and maritime traditions.
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The Birth of the Rum Ration
In the 17th century, sailors in the British Royal Navy were given a daily ration of beer or other alcoholic beverages to improve morale and provide a source of hydration during long voyages. However, beer and water often spoiled during lengthy sea trips, so a more stable alternative was needed. In the late 17th century, the Royal Navy began to issue a daily ration of rum to its sailors, a tradition that would continue for centuries.
The Grog and its Origins
Admiral Edward Vernon, known as “Old Grog” due to his grogram cloak, was concerned about the effects of straight rum on his sailors. In 1740, he ordered the rum ration to be mixed with water, creating a beverage known as “grog.” The watered-down rum was less potent, and it also helped to combat dehydration. Over time, other ingredients, such as lime or lemon juice, were added to the grog to help prevent scurvy.
The Importance of Rum in Naval Tradition
Rum was more than just a daily ration for sailors; it became an integral part of naval customs and traditions. Here are some of the ways rum played a role in the Royal Navy and maritime history:
Toasts and Ceremonies
Rum was often used for toasts and celebrations aboard naval ships. Special occasions, such as crossing the equator, called for a “splice the mainbrace” order, which entitled the crew to an extra ration of rum. Additionally, the Royal Navy had specific toasts for each day of the week, including “Sweethearts and wives, may they never meet!” for Saturdays.
The Black Tot Day
On July 31, 1970, the Royal Navy discontinued the daily rum ration, a day now referred to as “Black Tot Day.” Sailors wore black armbands and held mock funerals to mourn the end of the rum ration, marking the end of a longstanding naval tradition.
The Influence of Rum on Maritime Culture
The association between rum and seafaring extended beyond the Royal Navy. Pirates and privateers, such as the infamous Captain Blackbeard, were also known to consume rum. Rum’s connection to the sea can be seen in various maritime cultural aspects, including songs, literature, and movies.
Sea Shanties
Rum has been mentioned in countless sea shanties, songs sung by sailors to keep rhythm while performing manual labor aboard a ship. “Yo Ho Ho and a Bottle of Rum,” a line from the sea shanty “Dead Man’s Chest,” is a well-known example.
Literature and Movies
Rum has also found its way into literature, including Robert Louis Stevenson’s “Treasure Island,” where the character Long John Silver famously mentions rum. More recently, the “Pirates of the Caribbean” film series features rum as a recurring theme, with Captain Jack Sparrow often lamenting the lack of rum.
Conclusion
In conclusion, rum has a long and storied history in maritime culture. From its early days as a daily ration for sailors in the British Royal Navy to its current status as a popular drink among pirates and privateers, rum has always been associated with the sea. The association between rum and seafaring is evident in various maritime cultural aspects, including songs, literature, and movies. Rum is a drink that has captured the imagination of people for centuries, and its popularity shows no signs of waning.
The tradition of the daily rum ration in the Royal Navy came to an end on Black Tot Day, July 31, 1970. However, rum remains an important part of maritime culture, and its history is sure to continue to be celebrated for many years to come.
FAQ
What is the history of rum in the Royal Navy?
Rum was first introduced to the Royal Navy in the 17th century, when it was used as a medicine to treat scurvy. It soon became a popular drink among sailors, and in 1740, the Royal Navy began issuing a daily ration of rum to its sailors. This ration was known as the “tot,” and it was typically served at 11:00 am and 4:00 pm.
What was the purpose of the rum ration?
The rum ration was given to sailors for a number of reasons. First, it was believed to help prevent scurvy. Second, it was thought to improve morale and discipline. Third, it was seen as a way to reward sailors for their hard work.
How was the rum ration distributed?
The rum ration was distributed by the ship’s bosun, who would measure out a tot of rum for each sailor. The rum was typically mixed with water and lime juice, and it was served in a wooden or pewter mug.
What was the effect of the rum ration on sailors?
The rum ration had a number of effects on sailors. It helped to prevent scurvy, improve morale, and discipline. However, it also led to problems with alcoholism and violence.
When was the rum ration abolished?
The rum ration was abolished in the Royal Navy in 1970. This was due to a number of factors, including concerns about alcoholism and violence.
What is the legacy of the rum ration?
The rum ration is still remembered today, and it is often seen as a symbol of the Royal Navy. It is also a reminder of the importance of rum in maritime history.
Where can I learn more about rum’s role in the Royal Navy?
There are a number of resources available for learning more about rum’s role in the Royal Navy. You can find books, websites, and museums that offer information on this topic. You can also find rum cocktails at many bars and restaurants.